一元和多元醇对非离子表面活性剂的雾点和临界胶束浓度的影响

测定了乙醇、丙醇、丙三醇、季戊四醇和甘露醇对ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ １００（ＴＸ１００）水溶液的雾点和ＣＭＣ的影响，结果表明，丙醇使ＴＸ１００溶液的雾点升高最多，其次是乙醇，季戊四醇几乎无影响，丙三醇使雾点稍有下降，而甘露醇使雾点下降最多，雾点与各添加物的浓度都近似成线性关系。除了ＴＸ１００的ＣＭＣ随甘露醇浓度的增大单调下降外，其余四种添加物的影响都与其浓度有关，即ＴＸ１００的ＣＭＣ都随添加物浓度的增大先降后升。这些结果说明，添加物对雾点的影响和对ＣＭＣ的影响之间并不存在相应的关系，根据胶束化是表面活性分子之间的疏水相互作用引起的，而雾点现象是胶束聚集造成的，对上述结果作了可能的解释。

THE EFFECT OF MONOHYDRIC AND POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS ON THE CLOUD POINT AND CMC OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

The effects of ethanol,propanol,glycerol,pentaerythritol and mannitol on the cloud point(CP) and CMC of Triton X 100(TX100) in aqueous solutions were studied.The CMCs were determined by the spectrometric iodine method.Both the ethanol and propanol enhanced the CP,the order of the effect was propanol>ethanol.No significant effect on the CP could be found for the addition of pentaerythritol.While both the glycerol and mannitol depressed the CP,the order of the effects was mannitol>glycerol.Moreover,it was noted that the CP changed linearly with the concentration of the additives.However,the effects of these additives on the CMC of TX100 were much more complicated.With increasing the concentration of ethanol,propanol,glycerol and pentaerythritol,a decrease was noted first followed by an increase in the CMC value.The exception was mannitol,the CMC of TX100 decreased monotonously with the increase of the concentration of mannitol.Obviously,no simple relationship between the CP and the CMC could be found.Based on the different interactions involved in the micelle formation and the clouding phenomena,the results were explained qualitatively.