表土沉降阶段煤矿立井井壁破裂应力分析

煤矿立井井壁的破裂一直是一个未能很好解决的重大课题，主要原因是井壁设计时未充分考虑温度应力的影响，致使井壁的强度不能满足正常使用的要求。为此，分析了立井井壁温度应力的形成及其对井壁破裂的重要作用。从物理学中的热胀性原理及热传递理论入手，全面考虑了固体力学中的热弹性理论、材料力学中的静不定问题的求解方法以及土与弹性固体之间的相互作用原理，着重研究了作用于井筒外壁上的摩擦力分布规律，推出了求解温度应力的解析公式，并通过具体算例分析了立井井壁危险层面处的各应力成分。分析结果表明，危险层面上的竖向温度应力高达80％，环向温度应力高达70％，因而得出了“温度应力才是导致立井井壁破裂的最主要因素”的重要结论。所得结果不仅可用于煤矿立井井壁的设计，而且还可用于立井井壁破裂原因的分析及相应事故的鉴定。

Rupture Stress of Shaft Wall In Mine Due to Ground Subsidence

This paper is aimed at finding out the important effect of temperature on shaft rupture accident. Based on the theories of the thermal expansion and thermal transmission in physics and thermoelastic theory and the solution of statically indeterminate system in solid mechanics,the formation cause of temperature stress in shaft wall is analyzed and the corresponding formulae are obtained. At the same time,the coincidence function between temperature and underground water level is investigated. The dangerous rupture section in shaft wall is found by the research of distribution laws of negative skin friction induced by the longitudinal thermal expansion. All stress components at the dangerous point of the dangerous rupture section,including gravity stress,ground pressure stress as well as temperature stress,are analyzed. The analytical result shows that the vertical and hoop temperature stresses are about 80% and 70% of the total stress,respectively,at the dangerous point. Therefore,the temperature stress is the most important factor causing the fracture of shaft. The obtained results can be applied to the design of shaft in mine and the identification of fracture accident of shaft wall.