活性添加剂对双基推进剂燃烧催化作用的影响

加入活性添加剂可明显改进推进剂的某些性质，以满足推进剂的多用途发展需要。硝酸钾是推进剂、灭火剂的常用组分。对双基推进剂的燃烧研究表明，硝酸钾的存在使推进剂的燃烧催化作用降低。硝酸钾含量越高，催化剂作用越弱。硝胺（RDX、HMX）对推进剂的能量性质和催化作用都有积极作用。由催化剂作用原理分析，在双基推进剂燃烧表面上空有一个自由碳微粒组成的空间，这种碳粒形成一个雾状“骨架”，而催化剂的粒子由凝聚相排出后，会被该骨架截留，在该空间内充分发挥其对气相筢应的催化作用。加入硝铵后，由于RDX、HMX本身均是负氧平衡，可以促进凝聚相表面形成碳骨架。硝酸钾作为正氧平衡的添加剂，可使凝聚相表面上的碳骨架减弱，甚至消失，催化剂失去了能停留在表面上空的载体。因此活性添加剂的氧平衡性质不同，其对双基推进剂燃烧的催化作用不同。

Effect of Active-additive upon the Combustion Catalysis of Double-based Propellant

Active additives for changing combustion properties are added into double-based propellants so as to meet multi-purpose demands. Potassium nitrate is an useful component for some special propellants and fire-extinguishers in Russia. But the study of combustion of double-based propellants containing KNO 3 shows that combustion catalysis is decreased, and the higher the KNO 3 content , the weaker the catalysis. Nitramines (RDX,HMX) show active function upon the energy properties and the combustion catalysis of propellants. The experimental results demonstrate that combustion rate of propellants with or without RDX is almost same. It means that Z for propellants with RDX is increased .For propellants containing HMX the catalysis show the same picture compared with that of containing RDX. Special study of catalysis of propellants upon nitramines shows that catalysts do not act upon nitramines. It means that only for double-based propellants nitramines demonstrate active role on combustion catalysis. The various function of active additives upon the combustion catalysis of propellants may be explained by the various mechanisms of combustion catalysis of propellants with KNO 3 and nitramines. Theoretically, in the space zone near the surface of condensed phase of double-based propellants there exists carbon frog-carbon aerosol zone, which can retain the catalysts particles and promote the catalysis reaction. KNO 3 as a positive oxygen balance compound can destroy the carbon aerosol zone, decrease the catalysis, nitramines as negative oxygen balance compounds can increase carbon aerosol zone inversely. Therefore basing on the various value of oxygen balance of additives the role of additives changes from promoting combustion catalysis to preventing them.