基于公铁联运的多温蓄冷箱全程冷链集配优化

目的 针对多品种、高频次、小批量、高时效及高附加值等特点的消费者订单需求，借助自主研发设计的多温蓄冷箱，提出基于公铁联运的多温蓄冷箱全程冷链集配模式，并展开实证研究。方法 以总成本最小化为目标，构建基于公铁联运的多温蓄冷箱全程运输及配送优化模型，对比全程机械式冷藏汽车多温共配模式，采用遗传算法优化求解，并对配送时效和高铁运价进行灵敏性分析。结果 基于公铁联运的多温蓄冷箱全程冷链集配相较于全程机械式冷藏汽车多温共配的总成本减少了38%，其中，制冷成本、碳排放成本及时间惩罚成本明显减少;以正常配送时间约束为参照，延长或缩短时间窗，基于公铁联运的多温蓄冷箱全程冷链集配的时间惩罚成本比全程机械式冷藏汽车多温共配的减少了61%~83%。与铁路整车货运价格相比，高铁货运价格在上浮不超过220%的情况下，基于公铁联运的多温蓄冷箱全程冷链集配模式相较于全程机械式冷藏汽车多温共配模式在经济效益和社会效益两方面更具优势。结论 公铁联运的多温蓄冷箱全程冷链集配能为企业降本增效、节能减排，为运输主体提供新思路，为整合闲置运力提供一种新型的运营模式。

Optimization of Whole Cold Chain Joint Pickup and Distribution Based on Road-railTransportation with Multi-temperature Refrigerated Container

In view of the consumer order demand of multi-variety, high frequency, small batch, high timeliness and high added value, the work aims to propose a whole cold chain joint pickup and distribution model based on road-rail transportation with the help of self-developed and designed multi-temperature refrigerated container, and conduct empirical research on it. With the objective of minimizing the total cost, a whole joint pickup and distribution optimization model of multi-temperature refrigerated container based on road-rail transportation was constructed and compared with the multi-temperature joint distribution model of whole mechanical refrigerated vehicles. The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the solution, and sensitivity analysis was carried out in terms of distribution time efficiency and high-speed railway transportation price. Compared with the multi-temperature joint distribution model of whole mechanical refrigerated vehicles, the total cost of whole cold chain joint pickup distribution of multi-temperature refrigerated container based on road-rail transportation was reduced by 38%, with the cost of refrigeration, carbon emissions and time penalties being particularly reduced. With the normal distribution time constraint as the reference, extending or shortening the time window, the time penalty costs was reduced by 61% to 83%. Compared with the railway freight prices, under the condition that the high-speed rail freight prices would not rise by no more than 220%, the whole cold chain joint pickup and distribution model of multi-temperature refrigerated container based on road-rail transportation was more advantageous in terms of both economic and social benefits. The whole cold chain joint pickup and distribution model of multi-temperature refrigerated container based on road-rail transportation can reduce costs and increase efficiency, save energy, reduce emissions for enterprises, and provide a new model of operation for transport entities to integrate idle transport capacity.