分布式账本系统性能优化技术综述

分布式账本作为分布式数据管理的体系架构,通常在多节点之间通过共识机制来共同维护数据记录,可将数据所有权、传播过程、交易链条等相关信息完整全面地记录在分布的账本中,并在数据产生、流动的整个生命周期中,保证数据的不可篡改、不可抵赖,为确权、维权、审计提供背书.区块链是一种典型实现.随着数字货币、数据资产交易等数字经济新应用的发展,分布式账本技术得到了越来越广泛的关注,但系统性能是其大规模落地应用的一个主要瓶颈,账本性能优化成为产业界和学术界一个研究热点.从账本体系结构、数据结构、共识机制和消息通讯4个方面,系统地调研分析了分布式账本性能优化的主要方法、关键技术和代表性的解决方案.

Survey on Performance Optimization Technologies of Distributed Ledger System

Distributed ledger (DL), as a distributed data management architecture, maintains data records (the ledgers) across distributed nodes based on consensus mechanisms and protocols. It can comprehensively record all information of data ownership, transmission, and trading chains in distributed ledgers. Additionally, data will be not tampered and denied throughout the life cycle of data production and transactions, providing an endorsement for data rights confirmation, protection, and audit. Blockchain is a typical implementation of DL systems. With the emerging digital economy applications including digital currency and data asset trading, DL technologies receive increasingly widespread attention. However, system performance is one of the key technical bottlenecks for large-scale application of DL systems, and ledger performance optimization has become a focus of the academia and industry. The study investigates the methods, technologies, and typical solutions of DL performance optimization from four perspectives of system architecture, ledger data structure, consensus mechanism, and message communication.