Factors influencing residential water consumption in Wallonia,Belgium

Studies on residential water determinants often considered a limited number of possible factors due to lacking data, especially at micro-levels. This study aims to address the simultaneous effects of (1) household characteristics, (2) alternative sources of water, (3) dwelling properties, (4) water appliances, (5) attitudes, and (6) urban form on household water use in Wallonia (Belgium). Results emphasize the importance of household characteristics, use of alternative water sources, and dwelling properties. When compared to these variables, the influence of urban density appears very limited. Accordingly, the often-observed location factors are mainly related to the shared household characteristics, such as composition, income, lot area, or the practice of using rainwater.