传统民居建筑装饰的图像学意义——以粤东客家围龙屋为例

传统民居的装饰在历史中形成了特定的图像意义，这些复杂的意义所依附的题材，需要图像学的阐释与追寻。对于装饰图像意义的研究，应当基于对传统文化的理解，尝试确定整体图像在其发生期中所具有的从属或象征意义。“福”、“禄”、“寿”、“喜”、“财”是我国传统民居建筑装饰中的五大核心题材，其中隐含着深厚的中国吉祥文化内涵，它们是相互关联、互为因果的观念整体。追溯粤东客家围龙屋建造的那个时代及各种条件，我们才能够重新回到历史情境中去体验客家建筑的文化意义，尝试通过对历史的重构，实现对隐藏于建筑平面及装饰意义的图像学解释。解读意义是建筑史图像学研究的关键，意义不仅超越了建筑的功能，也超越了图像所表达的具体内容。

Iconographic Meaning of Decoration in Traditional Residences: A Case of Hakkas Weilong-Building in Eastern Guangdong Province

The decoration in traditional residences has formed its special iconographic meanings, and the themes adhered to it need the interpretation and tracing of iconography. Study of decoration iconographic meaning must be based on the understanding of the traditional culture, and try to define the subordinate or symbolic meaning of the whole images at the state of its beginning. ＂Happiness＂, ＂affluence＂, ＂longevity＂, ＂joy＂ and ＂wealth＂ are five key themes in traditional residences decoration, which implies the profound connotation of Chinese attitude towards auspiciousness. They are a whole set of ideas that are related and interacted to each other. We could experience the cultural meaning of Hakkas architecture in the historical context by tracing that times and conditions, and realize the iconographic interpretation hidden in the building plan and decoration. Meaning interpretation is the main task for iconographic study in the architecture history, because the meaning not only transcends architectural function, but also transcends the concrete contents that the images represent.