甲醇在柴油机上应用的技术进展

在我国石油供应缺口较大的情况下,需求结构也不尽合理,柴油消耗量大,柴汽比过高。因此,发展石油替代燃料应以替代柴油为重点目标。天津大学提出了一种甲醇/柴油组合燃烧方式,在柴油机上的试验结果表明,可以实现不到1.5kg甲醇替换1.0kg柴油,甲醇对柴油的替代率平均达到20%以上,同时可以减少微粒和NOx排放,将原发动机的排放品质提高1个等级。以甲醇替代柴油,在能源多元化、节能减排、燃料能源结构调整等方面是有利的,同时还可以提高发动机高原动力,发挥我国现有甲醇产能。我国对甲醇作为燃料在认识上存在较大误区,但长期的实践和研究结果表明,与汽油、柴油相比,甲醇的毒性与之相当;其排放物是清洁的;甲醇对生态环境更友好;使用更安全;甲醇对材料的腐蚀性完全可以得到根本解决;甲醇在燃烧时排出的温室气体少于汽油、柴油,与柴油或汽油一起燃烧更有利于减少温室气体排放。建议国家对甲醇在压燃式发动机上应用给予一定支持,开展相关的基础研究。

Advances in Technologies for Using Methanol in Diesel

China is suffering a large shortfall in petroleum supply.Adding to this woe ,the country has an unreasonable demand mix-too large a diesel consumption and an excessively high diesel-gasoline ratio.Based on these characteristics,China＇s efforts to develop alternative fuels to petroleum should be focused on alternatives to diesel fuel.Tianjin University has proposed a diesel/methanol compound combustion（DMCC） process.Experiments in diesels show that less than 1.5kg of methanol can replace 1.0kg of diesel fuel.The average substitution rate of methanol to diesel fuel exceeds 20%.This technology can also help reduce the emissions of particulates and NOx,raising the emission properties of the engine to a higher level.Substituting methanol for diesel fuel is on the one hand instrumental to the efforts to diversify energy supplies ,save energy and reduce emissions and adjust fuel and energy mix and on the other hand can enhance the power of an engine in a plateau environment and also make full advantage of China＇s methanol production capacity.The Chinese society has a big misunderstanding of the role of methanol as a fuel.Long-term practices and study results show that methanol has a toxicity similar to that of gasoline and diesel fuel,effluents arising from methanol com-bustion are clean,compared with the two fossil fuels methanol is more environmentally friendly and safer ,a solution to the corrosion of methanol to materials is absolutely possible and that methanol when burnt emits less greenhouse gases than gasoline and diesel fuel and burning with gasoline and diesel fuel is more instrumental to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.The article calls for a support from the government to the application of methanol in compression ignition engines as well as the start of basic studies in this respect.