基于AHP和GIS技术的兰州市应急避难场所减灾能力评价

城市防灾减灾已经成为城市安全研究的关键问题。作为城市防灾减灾的重要场所和有效途径，应急避难场所在降低城市灾害风险、提高城市灾害韧性方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。在对兰州市应急避难场所进行调研的基础上，将兰州市地质、医院、消防、人口、道路等信息以GIS为数据存储和处理平台构建数据集。再结合层次分析法从安全性、通达性、有效性和保障性4个层面构建一套应急避难场所减灾能力评价指标体系。通过评价分析得到兰州市15个应急避难场所中，4个减灾能力为一级，8个二级，3个三级。其中城关区应急避难场所的综合减灾能力最好。

Disaster Mitigation Capacity Evaluation of Emergency Shelters of Lanzhou City based on AHP and GIS Techniques

Urban disaster prevention and mitigation has become an important part of urban security research. As an important place and effective way， emergency shelters are playing an increasingly important role in reducing urban disaster risk and improving urban disaster resilience. First of all， based on the survey of emergency evacuation sites in Lanzhou， this study uses GIS as the data storage and processing platform， and establishes a database of the study area based on the information of geology， hospital， firefighting， population， road and other information of Lanzhou. Secondly， established a set of evaluation index system for disaster mitigation ability of emergency shelters with security， accessibility， effectiveness， and indemnificatory by application of AHP. Lastly， according to the evaluation results of all aspects， among the 15 emergency shelters in Lanzhou， 4 have better disaster reduction ability， 8 have ordinary disaster reduction ability， and 3 have slightly less disaster reduction ability. Among them， the emergency shelter in Chengguan district has the best comprehensive disaster reduction capability.