火花放电原子发射光谱法分析镍基合金标准的对比和解析

近年来,美国材料与测试协会(ASTM)和日本工业标准(JIS)紧跟火花放电原子发射光谱分析镍基合金技术的发展,制定了该方法的分析标准。为适应发展需要,我国国家标准GB/T 38939—2020《镍基合金 多元素含量的测定 火花放电原子发射光谱分析法(常规法)》于2020年12月1日正式实施。通过对比上述3个标准的异同点,对新发布国家标准的内容进行解析,有助于标准使用者加深对标准的理解和认识。结果表明,与ASTM和JIS相应的标准相比,国家标准在仪器类型标准化和测量结果准确度方面规范更加详尽和全面;国家标准和JIS标准在仪器和分析条件的控制方面更加严谨;在样品制备和激发方面,建议国家标准尽快制定镍基合金的取样、制样标准方法;在各元素适用范围和使用波长以及对应干扰元素方面,国家标准和ASTM标准的规定各有千秋。

Comparison and analysis of standard methods for the determination of nickel-based alloy by spark discharge atomic emission spectrometry

In recent years, American Society for Materials and Testing (ASTM) and Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) have developed the analysis standards of nickel-based alloy by spark discharge atomic emission spectrometry. In order to meet the needs of development, the national standard GB/T 38939-2020 Nickel-based alloy-Determination of multi-element contents-Spark discharge atomic emission spectrometric method (routine method) had been officially implemented since 1^st December 2020 in China. The similarities and differences of three standards above were compared and the contents in newly issued national standard were analyzed, which was helpful to deepen the understanding and recognition of standard by the users. The results showed that compared to the corresponding ASTM and JIS standards, the criterions in standardization of instrument type and accuracy of measurement results in GB were more detailed and comprehensive. The control of instrument and analytical conditions in GB and JIS standards were more rigorous. In terms of sample preparation and excitation, it was suggested for GB to developed the standard methods in sampling and sample preparation of nickel-based alloys as soon as possible. For the application scope, measurement wavelength and interference elements, the clauses in GB and ASTM standards had their own merits.