基于海水淡化中试的超滤膜清洗工艺及机理

为了对海水淡化过程中的超滤膜进行清洗，利用超滤中试设备研究了反洗水和清洗药剂对超滤膜清洗的效果。分别研究了不同的反洗用水对于跨膜压差的影响，结果表明，清洗效果：淡水（自来水）>超滤产水>反渗透浓水。另选用不同的酸性清洗剂与碱性清洗剂进行清洗，结果表明，清洗效果：柠檬酸>草酸>盐酸>次氯酸钠>氢氧化钠，柠檬酸清洗效果最好，纯水透过速率可从283.24 L/(m²·h)恢复至571.56 L/(m²·h)。此外，实验证明碱洗+酸洗效果优于单独清洗效果，先用氢氧化钠清洗，再用柠檬酸清洗，纯水透过速率可从283.24 L/(m²·h)恢复至818.81 L/(m²·h)。本研究成果对于海水淡化过程中超滤膜的维护具有较好的应用前景。

Ultrafiltration membrane cleaning technology and mechanism based on seawater desalination pilot equipment

In order to clean the ultrafiltration membrane in the process of seawater desalination, this paper studied the cleaning effects of backwash water and chemical agents on the ultrafiltration membrane by using the ultrafiltration pilot equipment. Effects of different backwash water on the transmembrane pressure difference were studied. The results showed that the cleaning effect was in the order of fresh water (tap water) > ultrafiltration water > reverse osmosis concentrated water. In addition, cleaning effect was as follows: citric acid > oxalate > hydrochloric acid > sodium hypochlorite > sodium hydroxide. Citric acid had the best cleaning effect, and the pure water penetration rate could be restored from 283.24 L/(m²·h) to 571.56 L/(m²·h). Moreover, the effect of alkali washing and acid washing together is better than that of cleaning alone. After cleaning with sodium hydroxide and then citric acid, the pure water transmission rate can recover from 283.24 L/(m²·h) to 818.81 L/(m²·h). The results of this study have a good application prospect for the maintenance of ultrafiltration membrane in seawater desalination.