冰温度膨胀力室内模拟及影响因素试验研究

东北地区冬季气候寒冷，河渠、水库等水工建筑物在冬季由于结冰形成的冰盖会产生作用于水工建筑物上的静冰荷载。随着温度升高，冰盖板产生冰温度膨胀力，会对野外水工建筑物造成破坏。由于野外观测周期长，且多种条件限制野外实地观测，因此，为了研究冰盖的冰温度膨胀力及其相关影响因素，在低温环境模拟实验池内进行了冰温度膨胀力室内模拟试验，并对冰温、冰厚等相关影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:冰温度膨胀力产生于气温升高阶段，且随着温度的升高，冰温度膨胀力呈增大趋势。冰温度膨胀力发展到峰值时，对应冰温为?1.9 ℃，环境温度接近0 ℃，与野外实际观测结果相符。室内试验的最大冰温度膨胀力为118.7 kPa，试验的最大冰厚为10.65 cm，冰温度膨胀力的最大峰值出现在冰盖板的3.5 cm处，表明冰温度膨胀力的作用点在最大冰厚的1/3处，且冰温度膨胀力沿冰厚呈先增大后减小的分布。

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The winter climate in Northeast China is cold. The ice cap of hydraulic structures such as rivers, canals and reservoirs in winter will produce static ice load acting on hydraulic structures. With the increase of temperature, ice cover plate produces ice temperature expansion force, which will cause damage to hydraulic structures in the field. Due to the long period of field observation and various conditions limiting field observation, in order to study the ice temperature expansion force and influencing factors of ice sheet, the indoor simulation test of ice temperature expansion force was carried out in the low-temperature simulation experiment pool, and the relevant influencing factors such as ice temperature and ice thickness were analyzed. The results show that the expansion force of ice temperature is produced at the stage of temperature rise, and with the increase of temperature, the expansion force of ice temperature tends to increase. When the expansion force of ice temperature reaches its peak, the ice temperature is ?1.9 ℃ and the ambient temperature is close to 0 ℃, which is consistent with the field observation results. The maximum expansion force of ice temperature in laboratory test was 118.7 kPa, and the peak value of ice temperature expansion force appeared at 3.5 cm of ice sheet. The maximum ice thickness of the test was 10.65 cm, indicating that the operation point of ice temperature expansion force was at 1/3 of the maximum ice thickness, and the distribution of ice temperature expansion force first increased and then decreased along the distribution of ice thickness.