数据要素流通的分账机制研究

推动数据要素流通是进一步释放生产力的重要手段。与一般商品交易不同，数据的请求、寻址、响应和传输过程较为复杂，一次完整的请求可能需要多个数据源同时进行响应甚至竞价。因此，构建数据要素流通体系的一个基础性的问题就是如何建立一套数据要素流通的分账机制。该文分析了典型的数据请求和供给模式，建立了包括请求端节点、中介节点和响应端节点的激励网络模型，设计了几何衰减的分账机制。在上述具有普适性的框架下，该文给出了几种常见情况下如何分账的具体计算过程，并将该机制推广到了一次数据请求需要多个数据源响应且各自贡献不同的含权情境。文末讨论了如何在此框架下包容更复杂的情况，包括如何处理多数据源竞价响应的复杂情况。

On Credit-Splitting Mechanism in Reponses to Data Queries

Data circulation is a novel and important means to facilitate productivity. Different from the trade of normal products, the requesting, addressing, answering and transmitting of data involve complicated procedure, and a single requirement may lead to multiple answers or even bids. Accordingly, a fundamental issue in building up an efficient and effective system for data circulation is to design a credit allocation mechanism. This paper analyzes the typical pattern of data demand and data supply, proposes an incentive network model containing requesting node, intermediary nodes and answering nodes, and designs a geometrical decaying mechanism in credit allocation. Under the above general framework, we show some typical models and the corresponding calculation processes, and extend the single chain model to the general situation involving multiple answering nodes with different weights. Lastly, we discuss how to deal with more complicated cases under this framework, such as allowing bids in competition of multiple nodes.