透射式低温光学红外相机全光路冷链热设计

某透射式低温光学红外相机工作于倾斜地球同步轨道，所处空间热环境复杂多变，整个光学路径部组件属于低温光学系统，对温度梯度及温度稳定性要求较高，这对热控系统设计带来挑战。结合相机在轨成像温度需求及空间外热流特点，详细分析了相机热控设计的重点和难点，通过低温热管热量传输和辐射制冷的方式实现了低温光学系统的降温，通过高效热防护、热隔离及间接辐射控温技术实现了低温光学系统的高精度控温。热平衡试验温度数据表明:成像模式下，各光学部组件温度均满足指标要求，光学透镜温度均匀性和稳定性较高，光学透镜间最大温差小于1 K，最大温度波动小于±0.3 K，实现复杂内外热环境下光学透镜高精度控温；加热去污模式下，利用低温热管“热开关”的特点在常温下热阻增加，通过较小热控功耗实现光学透镜加热去污的需求。

Thermal design of all-optical path cold chain based on transmission-type cryogenic optical infrared camera

A transmission-type cryogenic optical infrared camera works in IGSO, the space thermal environment of which is complex and changeable. As a part of the cryogenic optical system, the all-optical path needs the high requirements of temperature gradient and temperature stability, which brings challenges to the design of thermal control system. The key points and difficulties in the thermal control design of camera were analyzed in detail according to the temperature requirements of the camera in orbit and the characteristics of the heat flow outside the space. The cooling process of cryogenic optical system was realized by the heat transfer of low-temperature heat pipe and the radiative cooling, and the high-precision temperature control of the cryogenic optical system was realized through the high-efficiency thermal protection, thermal isolation and indirect radiation temperature control technology. The results of thermal balance test show that the temperature of each optical component all meets the requirements, and the temperature uniformity and stability of the optical lens are high under the imaging case. The maximum temperature difference between the optical lenses is less than 1 K, and the maximum temperature fluctuation is less than ±0.3 K. High precision temperature control of optical lens in complex internal and external thermal environment is realized. In the heating decontamination case, the thermal resistance of the low-temperature heat pipe is increased at room temperature by using the characteristic of “thermal switch” for the low-temperature heat pipe, and the requirement of heating decontamination of optical lens can be realized through small control power consumption.