面向城市固废焚烧过程的二噁英排放浓度检测方法综述

焚烧在城市固体废物(Municipal solid wastes, MSW)的无害化、减量化和资源化处理方面优势显著. MSW焚烧(MSW incineration, MSWI)过程副产品之一的剧毒持久性污染物二噁英(Dioxins, DXN)是造成焚烧建厂“邻避效应”的主要原因. DXN排放浓度难以在线实时检测的工业现状已成为制约MSWI过程运行优化与城市环境污染控制的瓶颈. 首先, 结合典型MSWI过程分析DXN的生成特性与排放控制策略; 接着, 将DXN排放浓度检测方法从测量原理、复杂度和时间尺度等视角分为离线直接检测法、指示物/关联物在线间接检测法和软测量法并进行综述; 然后, 对不同方法的发展阶段和关联性进行分析, 指出各自的优劣性和相互间的互补性, 结合MSWI过程特点归纳基于过程数据进行DXN排放浓度软测量的难点, 并将其提炼为一类面向小样本高维稀疏标记数据的智能建模问题; 最后, 指出进行DXN排放浓度智能软测量的未来研究方向和发展前景.

Dioxin Emission Concentration Measurement Approaches for Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration Process: A Survey

Incineration has significant advantages in the harmless, reduction and recycling treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW). Dioxins (DXN), a highly toxic and persistent pollutant that is a by-product of the MSW incineration (MSWI) process, is the main cause of the “not in my back yard” effect of incineration plant construction. The industrial status of DXN emission concentration that is difficult to detect real time online has become a bottleneck restricting the optimization of MSWI process operation and municipal environmental pollution control. First, the generation characteristics and emission control strategies of DXN based on a typical MSWI processes are analyzed. Then, the DXN emission concentration detection methods are divided into offline direct detection method, indicator/association online indirect detection method, and soft measurement method in terms of measurement principle, complexity, and time scale. Further, these methods are reviewed in detail. Thirdly, the development stage and correlation of these different methods are addressed, and their respective advantages and disadvantages and complementarity with each other are indicated. Based on the characteristics of MSWI process, the difficulties of DXN emission concentration soft measurement based on process data are summarized. Moreover, it is refined as a class intelligent modeling problem based on small sample high dimensional sparse labeled data. Finally, the future research direction and development prospects of DXN emission concentration intelligent soft measurement are suggested.