基于有限元法的船舶抛锚贯入深度探讨

船舶抛锚贯入深度的准确计算，对穿越锚地与航道河床以下管线工程的安全性至关重要。依据投锚试验结果，对比分析了现有的计算抛锚贯入深度的经验法、标准法、理论公式法的计算精度。以霍尔锚为例，基于有限元软件，提出了一种能够考虑复杂土层、触底水平速度及触底姿态等多因素的抛锚贯入深度数值模拟方法，并通过几何形态分析，研究了拖锚对贯入深度的影响。计算结果表明，触底水平速度、触底夹角和拖锚均影响贯入深度，其中拖锚的影响程度最大，触底夹角次之，触底水平速度的影响程度最小。考虑触底水平速度、触底夹角及拖锚影响的贯入深度更有利于保障工程安全。

Discussion of penetration depth of ship anchoring based on finite element method

The accurate calculation of the penetration depth of ship anchoring is of vital importance to the safety of pipeline projects passing through anchorage areas and navigation channels below the riverbed. Based on the results of the ship anchoring experiment, we first study the calculation accuracy of various existing anchor penetration depth calculation methods including empirical method, standard method and theoretical formula method. Then, we take Hall anchor as an example, and use the finite element software ANSYS-DYNA to propose a numerical simulation method of anchor penetration depth that can consider multiple factors such as complex layered soils, bottoming horizontal velocity and bottoming angle. The influence of anchor dragging on penetration depth is also studied in this paper through the method of geometric analysis. The calculation results show that the bottoming horizontal velocity, bottoming angle and anchor dragging have influences on penetration depth, and among them, anchor dragging has the most significant effect, the influence of bottoming angle comes the second place, and bottoming horizontal velocity has the least influence. It can be obviously seen that after considering the impacts of the bottoming horizontal velocity, the bottoming angle and the anchor dragging, the calculation results will be more conducive to ensuring the safety of engineering projects.