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Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients
Authors:Jacek Kiezun  Janusz Godlewski  Bartlomiej E Krazinski  Zygmunt Kozielec  Zbigniew Kmiec
Affiliation:1.Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.G.); (B.E.K.);2.Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;3.Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
Abstract:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer in women and the third in men. The postoperative pathomorphological evaluation of patients with CRC is extremely important for future therapeutic decisions. Although our previous studies demonstrated high galanin (GAL) presence within tumor tissue and an elevated concentration of GAL in the serum of CRC patients, to date, there is a lack of data regarding GAL receptor (GalR) protein expression in CRC cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of all three types of GalRs (GalR1, GalR2 and GalR3) within epithelial cells of the human colon and CRC tissue with the use of the immunohistochemical method and to correlate the results with the clinical-pathological data. We found stronger immunoreactivity of GalR1 and GalR3 in CRC cells compared to epithelial cells of the unchanged mucosa of the large intestine. No differences in the GalR2 protein immunoreactivity between the studied tissues were noted. We also found that the increased immunoexpression of the GalR3 in CRC tissue correlated with the better prognosis and longer survival (p < 0.0079) of CRC patients (n = 55). The obtained results suggest that GalR3 may play the role of a prognostic factor for CRC patients. Based on data from the TCGA-COAD project deposited in the GDC Data Portal, we also found that GalR mRNA in cancer samples and the adjacent normal tissue did not correlate with immunoexpression of the GalR proteins in CRC cells and epithelial cells of the unchanged mucosa.
Keywords:colorectal cancer  galanin receptors  immunohistochemistry  overall survival
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