红色复合多活性基活性染料的结构与性能关系研究--染色特性参数

应用直接性S、反应性R、竭染率E、表观固色率F、实际固色率Fr、移染指数MI、易洗涤性因子WF、匀染因子LDF等八个参数，描述了10只红色复合双活性染料的上染、匀染、清洗等染色特性。M型染料的上染曲线形状介于碱控型和盐控型之间，直接性相对较小的染料，上染曲线更接近于碱控型；直接性相对较大的染料，更相似于盐控型。在本文研究的染料中，用苯系重氮组分的染料直接性较小，易洗涤性好，移染指数和匀染性好，但竭染率和固色率相对较低。用蔡系重氮组分的染料具有良好的直接性，因而导致较好的竭染率和固色率和中等的匀染性。尤其是以2-萘胺-1，5-双磺酸为重氮组分的R4，适中的直接性、缓和的上染速度和易洗涤性，加上良好的移染性与匀染性，使其被选为M-型染料三原色之红色组分。但其固色率尚属中等水平。重氮组分上也具有硫酸酯乙基砜基的活性染料R5、R6，具有中等直接性，其反应性、竭染率、固色率均较高，和优异的易洗涤性和很好的湿处理牢度，但移染性和匀染性稍低．乙烯砜染料的直接性比相应的乙基砜硫酸酯染料大，在苯系重氮组分中差别比萘系明显。但E，F相差不大，乙烯砜的易洗涤性略差于相应的硫酸酯乙基砜染料。通过不同芳环、磺酸基和硫酸酯乙基砜基引入重氮组分，可以调节本文涉及的复合双活性基染料的亲和力、反应性，从而对染料的竭染率、固色率、易洗涤性、匀染性和湿处理牢度作出大致的预测，并可作为染料结构和复配增效配方设计的参考依据。

A Study on the Relationships of Dyeing Properties and Chemical Structures of Bi-functional Reactive Red Dyes-Dyeing Parameters

The dyeing properties of l O bi-functional reactive dyes were described by 8 dyeing parameters., i.e. S(substantivity), R(reactivity), E(exhaustion), F(apparent fixation), Fr (real fixation), MI (migration index), WF (washing off factor) and LDF (leveling dyeing factor). The dyeing curves of the dye containing bi-functional reactive group were situated between the alkaline controlled dyeing curve and salt controlled curve. The dyes carrying phenyl or its derivatives as the diazo-components gave lower substantivity, good washing off property, high migration and leveling index, but exhaustion and fixation values were lower. On the other hand, the dyes with naphthyl and its derivatives as the diazo-components would give higher exhaustion and fixation, but be of moderate leveling property. Dye R4, having appropriate substantivity, dyeing rate, washing off factor, high migration index and good leveling factor, was chosen as the red component of the trichromatic colors. Dye R5 and R6, exhibiting higher reactivity, fixation and fastnesses, but migration and leveling were somewhat lower. The substantivity of vinylsulfone dye was greaterthan that of corresponding sulfatoethylsulfonyl derivatives, and the washing off property was lower than the latter, the exhaution and fixation were very close. In order to adjust substantivities and reactivities of the bi-functional reactive dyes and predict their exhaustion, fixation, washing off, leveling and wet fastness, the dye chemist could readily design the dye structures by choosing different aromatic diazo components, numbers of sulfonic and sulfatoethylsulfonyl groups in the dye molecules.