食品包装材料微塑料污染及其暴露风险研究进展

随着塑料制品使用量的增加，其不当处置使得塑料污染问题日益严峻。近年来，微塑料(microplastics, MPs, ＜5 mm)和纳米塑料(nanoplastics, NPs, ＜1 μm)污染作为新型污染物已成为研究焦点。通过饮食途径摄入的微/纳米塑料(micro/nanoplastics，M/NPs)对人体健康构成了严重威胁。越来越多的研究表明食品包装材料使用中所产生的微塑料丰度远高于食品中本身存在的，然而目前尚未有对包装材料塑料颗粒的检测标准，其随食品一同摄入的健康风险亟待明确。本文综述了食品包装材料M/NPs的污染情况，包括颗粒浓度、粒径、形状及其他溶出成分，据此进一步过论了温度、搅拌时间、溶剂性质、材质等因素对于包装材料M/NPs污染的影响；同时阐述了包装材料溶出M/NPs的生物安全性及人体暴露风险，为塑料食品包装安全评估及塑料制品使用标准制定提供参考依据。

Research progress on microplastics contamination and exposure risk of food packaging materials

With the increasing utilization of plastic products, their improper disposal exacerbates the problem of plastic pollution. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on researching microplastics (microplastics, MPs, ＜5 mm) and nanoplastics (nanoplastics, NPs, ＜1 μm) as emerging pollutants. The ingestion of micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs) through diet poses a serious threat to human health. Numerous studies have shown that food packaging materials contribute significantly more to the abundance of microplastics than the actual food content itself. However, there is currently no standardized method for detecting plastic particles in packaging materials, and further research is needed to clarify the health risks associated with their ingestion along with food. This paper provides an overview of M/NPs contamination in various food packaging materials, including the concentration, size, shape and other dissolved components. Additionally, it discusses how factors like temperature, stirring time, solvent properties, and material composition affect M/NPs contamination in packaging materials. Furthermore, this review explores the biosafety and human exposure risk posed by dissolved M/NPs from packaging materials while also addressing potential risks involved. These findings serve as a reference for safety assessment regarding food packaging and establishing usage standards for plastic products.