微塑料与化学污染物的环境吸附及联合毒性效应

微塑料(microplastics, MPs)是一类新污染物,其来源途径多样化、分布广泛、丰度高、潜在危害大,已被上海市列入新污染物重点管控名单。水环境中的MPs可以吸附重金属和有机污染物,且吸附能力受MPs类型、粒径大小、老化程度和环境条件等因素的影响。作为载体, MPs可携带无机或有机污染物一并进入生物体内,改变污染物在生物体内的富集和分布,并影响污染物的毒性效应。MPs与化学污染物的联合作用类型随污染物种类而异,其具体作用机制仍待进一步探明。评述了国内外文献的最新进展,系统概括我国土壤和淡水环境中MPs的污染来源与现状,分析了MPs对化学污染物的吸附行为、吸附影响因素及二者对生物体的联合毒性效应,并展望了相关研究的未来发展方向。

The Environmental Adsorption and Combined Toxic Effects of Microplastics and Chemical Pollutants

Microplastics (MPs) are a kind of emerging pollutants, which have diversified sources, wide distribution, high abundance and great potential harm, and have been included in the key control list of emerging pollutants by Shanghai. MPs in water environment can adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants, and the adsorption capacity is affected by MPs type, particle size, aging degree and environmental conditions. As a carrier, MPs can carry inorganic or organic pollutants into organisms, change the concentration and distribution of pollutants in organisms, and affect the toxic effects of pollutants. The type of combined action between MPs and chemical pollutants varies with the types of pollutants, and its specific mechanism remains to be further investigated. Therefore, this paper reviewed the latest development of domestic and foreign literatures, systematically summarized the sources and current status of MPs pollution in soil and freshwater environment in China, analyzed the adsorption behavior of MPs to chemical pollutants, the influencing factors of adsorption and the combined toxic effects of MPS on organisms, and prospected the future development direction of related researches.