Micronization of salicylic acid and taxol (paclitaxel) by rapid expansion of supercritical fluids (RESS) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey;2. Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, 06500 Besevler, Ankara, Turkey;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China;2. The 12th Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Beijing 100016, China;1. Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Department of Physics, North Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt;3. Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, North Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Postal Code: 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran;2. Laboratory of Supercriritcal Fluids and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Postal Code: 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran;1. Institute for Technical Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 21, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany;2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran;2. Laboratory of Supercriritcal Fluids and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran;3. Modeling and Simulation Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Postal Code: 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran;2. Laboratory of Supercriritcal Fluids and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Postal Code: 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran;3. Modeling and Simulation Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Postal Code: 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The particle sizes of the pharmaceutical substances are important for their bioavailability. The bioavailability can be improved by reducing the particle size of the drug. In this study, salicylic acid and taxol were micronized by the rapid expansion of supercritical fluids (RESS). Supercritical CO2 and CO2 + ethanol mixture were used as solvent. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of extraction temperature (318–333 K) and pressure (15–25 MPa), pre-expansion temperature (353–413 K), expansion chamber temperature (273–293 K), spray distance (6–13 cm), co-solvent concentration (ethanol, 1, 2, 3, v/v, %) and nozzle configuration (capillary and orifice nozzle) on the size and morphology of the precipitated salicylic acid particles. For taxol, the effects of extraction pressure (25, 30, 35 MPa) and co-solvent concentration (ethanol, 2, 5, 7, v/v, %) were investigated. The characterization of the particles was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and LC–MS analysis.The particle size of the original salicylic acid particles was L/D: 171/29–34/14 μm/μm. Depending upon the different experimental conditions, smaller particles (L/D: 15.73/4.06 μm/μm) were obtained. The particle size of taxol like white crystal powders was reduced from 0.6–17 μm to 0.3–1.7 μm The results showed that the size of the precipitated salicylic acid and taxol particles were smaller than that of original particles and RESS parameters affect the particle size. |
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