装载机工作装置动态载荷测试方法与试验研究

为获得装载机铲装作业过程中工作装置各铰接点处的动态载荷时间历程,基于达朗贝尔原理建立了动平衡状态下工作装置的受力模型,提出一种考虑构件重力和惯性力的动态载荷测试方法.构建铰点力、油缸压力、油缸位移和动臂应变等多参数同步采集系统,进行散状物料铲装试验,获得了求解受力模型的基础数据.建立动臂有限元仿真分析模型,对比分析测点应力实测值和仿真值.结果表明:提出的测试方法获得的结构应力值能够准确地反映工作装置在铲掘作业过程中的应力分布规律,仿真值与实测值的变化趋势一致,验证了数学模型和测试方法的合理性.

Dynamic Load Test Method and Experiment of Loader Working Device

To obtain the dynamic load time history of the hinge points of the working device in the loader shovel loading operation process, and considering the gravity and inertia force of structure in the process of operation, a mathematical force model under the dynamic force balance was established based on the D'Alembert's principle, and the theoretical solutions of dynamic load of each hinge point were obtained. The dynamic load test method was proposed and the multiple parameters synchronous acquisition system was constructed, which contains the hinge force, cylinder pressure, cylinder displacement and boom structure stress. The experimental results show that the variations of the measured parameters on the boom are basically consistent. The finite element model of the boom structure is established. Comparative analysis of the values and the results show that the measured values are greater than the simulation values. The structural stress values obtained by the proposed method can accurately reflect the stress distribution of the working device. The simulation values and the measured values are consistent, which verifies the rationality of the mechanical model and the test method of the working device.