数据包络分析法和Malmquist指数在山东省用水效率分析中的应用

山东省水资源紧缺是制约其经济发展的重要瓶颈，从识别山东省用水效率关键因素的角度入手，以年度供水、总投资、用水规模为输入指标，以GDP为输出指标，运用数据包络分析法对该省17个市2011、2012年的用水效率进行分析评价，然后运用Malmquist指数分析了17个市2003~2012年的序列数据。结果表明，济南市、东营市和菏泽市的用水效率相对较高，其他城市相对较低；技术进步是影响山东省17个市用水效率的关键因素，提高用水效率的有效途径是对产业结构的优化；山东省沿海城市的用水效率明显高于内陆城市，东部地区用水效率高于西部及中部地区，其中中部地区的用水效率最低。

Application of DEA and Malmquist Index in Analysis of Water Use Efficiency in Shandong Province

Water resources shortage is a pivotal element affecting economic development of Shandong Province. Starting with identification the key factor of water use efficiency in Shandong Province, overall water supply, permanent assets investment, population and GDP were utilized as input-output quotas and data envelopment analysis model was used to analyze the performance of water use efficiency in 17 citys of Shandong Province in 2011 and 2012. And then the Malmquist index was adopted to analyze time-series data of 17 citys in Shandong Province from 2003 to 2012. The results show that water use efficiency of Jinan, Dongying and Heze is slightly higher. Furthermore, the technical progress is the dominant factor restraining water use efficiency of 17 citys in Shandong Province. Optimizing the industrial structure is the way to improve water use efficiency. Water use efficiency of coastal cities in Shandong Province is significantly higher than that of inland cities. Water use efficiency of eastern areas is higher than that of central and western areas, while the lowest in central areas.