双侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性三维数值模拟研究

鉴于双侧竖缝式鱼道消能效果好,能较好地适应水位的变化情况等优点,以新沟河江边枢纽的双侧竖缝式鱼道为例,采用三维紊流数值模拟方法研究了鱼道的正反双向两种运行工况,分析了鱼道的流态、流速及紊动能等水力特性。结果表明,双侧竖缝式鱼道水流流态较为稳定,且呈对称分布,流速和紊动能总体来说较小,基本满足过鱼对象的需求。另外,适当延长短隔板还能很好地减少鱼道竖缝最大断面平均流速,从而实现更好的过鱼效果。

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Characteristics of Vertical Double-slot Fishways

In view of good energy dissipation effect of vertical double-slot fishways and well adaptation of water level change, the fishway of the Xingouhe Project was taken for an example. Two-direction working conditions of the fishway were studied by three-dimensional turbulence numerical simulation method. And then the hydraulic characteristics, such as the flow regimes, velocities and turbulent kinetic energy were analyzed. Results indicate that vertical double-slot fishways enjoy stabilized flow patterns that are symmetrically distributed and dissipate energy well so that flow velocities and turbulent kinetic energy are relatively small on the whole, making it easier for fish to swim through obstructions. Furthermore, an appropriate lengthening of short baffles contribute to smaller maximum velocities at the slot and thus better flow conditions where fish can navigate.