Analysis of hardening limits of oxide dispersion strengthened steel |
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| Authors: | A Ramar R Schäublin |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2136, USA;1. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-AWP), Karlsruhe, Germany;2. Department of Materials Engineering, EEL, University of São Paulo, 12600-970 Lorena, Brazil;1. School of New Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Department of Science, Physics Group, Takestan, Iran;1. Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;2. Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;3. Muroran Institute, Japan Steel Woks Ltd, 4, Chazu, Muroran 051-8505, Japan;4. Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002 Narita, O-arai, Ibaraki 311-1393, Japan;1. Institute of Ion-Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;2. Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials, Branch Lab Dresden, 01277 Dresden, Germany;3. Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK;4. Institute for Materials Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;5. Euratom-CCFE association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK |
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| Abstract: | Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels are promising materials for high temperature applications. The hardening limits from room temperature to 1000 °C of one of such steel, ODS EUROFER97, together with the impact of the material production steps, are investigated at a microstructural level by coupling hardness, tensile tests and transmission microscopy, including in situ heating experiments. The oxides, ytttria and complex yttrium titanium oxides, reinforce the material by forming more or less stable obstacles to dislocations, and by promoting grain refinement by pinning grain boundaries. It appears that part of the yttrium titanium oxides particles dissolves from about 600 °C while pure yttria particles are stable at least to 1000 °C in the steel. The concurrent roles of the oxides and the dislocation structure in the hardening are rationalized using the dispersion barrier hardening model. It appears that hardening due to dislocations can overcome the one due to oxides but is more sensitive to temperature than the one due to oxides, and that the main limiting factor is the thermal stability of the oxides. |
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