稻壳生物炭对整治烟田土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响

为探究生物炭施用对整治烟田土壤改良及烟叶产质量的影响，在皖南的烟田整治区，研究了稻壳生物炭不同施用量对土壤养分及烟叶产质量的作用效果。结果表明，稻壳生物炭施用可以降低土壤容重，提高土壤pH及有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分含量。生物炭可以促进烟株生长发育，对烟叶外观产生一定影响，特别是油分指标随生物炭用量增加呈下降趋势。生物炭施用一定程度上降低烟叶总糖及还原糖含量，提高总氮、烟碱及钾含量，其中T2（生物炭7.5 t/hm²）处理烟叶化学成分协调性较好。同时烟叶感官质量随生物炭施用量增加呈现先增加（不变）后降低趋势，感官评吸得分表现为T1=CK> T2> T3。烤烟的产量产值均随着生物炭施用量增加而增加，其中T3（生物炭15 t/hm²）处理最高，产量达1729.2 kg/hm²，产值达到37516.8 元/hm²，较CK分别提高43.51%和43.48%。但上等烟比例随生物炭用量增加呈先增加后降低趋势。综合土壤养分及烟叶的产质量结果，在皖南烟田整治区，稻壳生物炭的施用量不宜超过7.5t/hm²。

Effect of Rice Husk Biochar on Soil Nutrients of Tobacco Field,Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves in Land Consolidation Areas

In order to explore the effects of biochar on soil improvement, yield and quality of tobacco leaves in land consolidation areas, we conducted field experiments in the tobacco planting area of south Anhui Province, to study the influence of different amounts of rice husk biochar on soil nutrients, yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that rice husk biochar application could decrease soil bulk density, improve soil pH, and increase the soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content. The results also showed that rice husk biochar application could promote the growth of tobacco and influence the appearance characters of tobacco leaves, especially the oil content of tobacco, which decreased with the increased amount of biochar application. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves decreased, but the total nitrogen, nicotine and potassium contents increased with the dosage of rice husk biochar in a certain degree. The coordination of tobacco chemical composition in T2 treatment(7.5 t/ha of biochar)was better than that in other treatments. Meanwhile, the sensory quality of tobacco leaf increased or remained the same at first, then decreased with the increasing amount of biochar application, the order of sensory quality of tobacco leaf in all treatments was T1=CK>T2>T3. The yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco both increased with the amount of rice husk biochar. The highest yield(1729.2 kg/ha)and output value (37516.8 Yuan/ha)were found inT3 treatment, which increased by 43.51% and 43.48% respectively compared with those in CK. However, the high-class-leaf percentage of flue cured tobacco increased firstly, then decreased with the increasing amount of biochar application. Based on the comprehensive influence of rice husk biochar on soil nutrients, the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, the amount of rice husk biochar application should be no more than 7.5 t/ha in land consolidation tobacco fields of south Anhui.