Coupled hydrodynamic and kinetic model of liquid metal bubble reactor for hydrogen production by noncatalytic thermal decomposition of methane |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;2. Key Laboratory of Thermo–Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;2. Energy Systems Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;3. InnoTech Alberta, Karl Clark Road, Edmonton, AB, Canada;1. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Berliner Strasse 130, 14467 Potsdam, Germany;2. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;3. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Industrial-scale implementation of liquid metal bubble reactors (LMBRs) to produce hydrogen by methane decomposition will require large gas holdups (e.g., 20–30 vol%) and elevated gas pressures (>20 bar) to allow for practical reactor sizes. A realistic reactor design must account for the coupling between reaction kinetics and hydrodynamic effects. The gas holdup is predicted from the superficial gas velocity with a drift flux model that was experimentally corroborated in gas-molten metal mixtures. Large superficial gas velocities (>0.40 m s?1) are required to achieve gas holdups of about 25 vol% in liquid metal baths (LMBs). A noncatalytic kinetic model is developed to provide thermodynamically consistent decomposition rates at methane conversions approaching equilibrium. The coupled model optimizes the LMB dimensions (diameter and length) and the inlet pressure to minimize the volume of liquid metal when the hydrogen production rate, bath temperature, methane conversion, metal composition, and maximum gas holdup are specified. For example, 200 kt a?1 of hydrogen can be produced in an LMBR containing at least 96.5 m3 of molten tin held at 1100 °C in a bath measuring 3.50 m in diameter and 14.3 m in length, with an inlet methane pressure of 57.8 bar resulting in an average gas holdup of 29.7 vol% and a methane conversion of 65%. |
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| Keywords: | Hydrogen production Noncatalytic methane decomposition Liquid metal Bubble reactor Hydrodynamics Kinetics |
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