云烟 87 八倍体植株的诱导及其主要生殖特征

通过不同浓度秋水仙素溶液浸泡"云烟 87"四倍体无菌苗茎尖 72 h,经组织培养,成功获得八倍体植株,其中以 0.4%浓度秋水仙素处理检出率最高,为 28.57%。与"云烟 87"四倍体植株相比,八倍体植株花器官明显较大,叶片较厚、较小,节间较短。八倍体植株花粉量小,花粉大小不均一,可见超大花粉,花粉萌发率低,仅为 6.45%。八倍体自交不能结实,但与四倍体烟草品种杂交均可获得大量有活力的种子,发芽率均大于 65%,且与同"云烟 87"四倍体杂交不能获得种子的野生烟草Nicotiana plumbaginifolia杂交也可获得有活力的种子。可见,通过秋水仙素浸泡结合组织培养获得烟草八倍体是可行的。 

Induction of Yunyan87 octaploid plants and main reproductive characters thereof

Yunyan87 octoploid plants were obtained from stem tips of Yunyan87 tetraploid aseptic seedlings, which were soaked in colchicine of different concentrations for 72h. The highest induction rate was 28.57% which occuredin the concentration of 0.4%. Compared to tetraploid, the octaploid floral organ was bigger with thicker and smaller leaves as well as shorter internodes. Pollens in octoploid plants' anther had different sizes. Octoploid plants' pollen germination rate was only 6.45%, and no seed on selfing was found. However, a large number of viable seeds were obtained when octoploid plants crossed with tetrploid tobacco, and germination rate exceeded 65%. Viable seeds in cross of octoploid × N. plumbaginifolia could be acquired while those in cross of tetraploid × N. plumbaginifolia could not. Results showed that octaploid tobacco can be obtainable from colchicine induction and tissue culture.