Hydrogen as a battery for a rooftop household solar power generation unit |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Combustion and Sustainable Energy Laboratory (ComSEL), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arkansas Tech University, 1811 N Boulder Ave, Russellville, AR, 72801, USA;2. High Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;1. University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy;2. Niccolò Cusano University, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166, Rome, Italy;1. CEA-LITEN Solar and Thermodynamic Systems Laboratory (L2ST), F-38054, Grenoble, France;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France;3. Processes, Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory, PROMES-CNRS, 7 Rue Du Four Solaire, 66120, Font-Romeu, France;1. High-Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;2. Engineering College, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq;4. Baqubah Technical Institute, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq;1. High-Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;2. Institute for Vehicle Systems and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Energy, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran;2. Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Decentralization of electrical power generation using rooftop solar units is projected to develop to not only mitigate power losses along transmission and distribution lines, but to control greenhouse gases emissions. Due to intermittency of solar energy, traditional batteries are used to store energy. However, batteries have several drawbacks such as limited lifespan, low storage capacity, uncontrolled discharge when not connected to a load and limited number of charge/discharge cycles. In this paper, the feasibility of using hydrogen as a battery is analyzed where hydrogen is produced by the extra diurnal generated electricity by a rooftop household solar power generation unit and utilized in a fuel cell system to generate the required electrical power at night. In the proposed design, two rooftop concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) systems coupled with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) are used to generate electricity during 9.5 h per day and the extra power is utilized in an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen. Various working fluids (Isobutane, R134a, R245fa and R123) are used in the ORC system to analyze the maximum feasible power generation by this section. Under the operating conditions, the generated power by ORC as well as its efficiency are evaluated for various working fluids and the most efficient working fluid is selected. The required power for the compressor in the hydrogen storage process is calculated and the number of electrolyzer cells required for the hydrogen production system is determined. The results indicate that the hybrid CPVT-ORC system produces 2.378 kW of electricity at 160 suns. Supplying 65% of the produced electricity to an electrolyzer, 0.2606 kg of hydrogen is produced and stored for nightly use in a fuel cell system. This amount of hydrogen can generate the required electrical power at night while the efficiency of electrolyzer is more than 70%. |
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| Keywords: | Concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) Organic rankine cycle (ORC) Electrolyzer Hydrogen Solar power Fuel cell |
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