High performance flexible supercapacitors including redox active molybdate incorporated Poly(vinylphosphonic acid) hydrogels |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Physics, IRMC, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 1982, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia;3. Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8301, United States;1. National Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metals Materials and Products for New Energy, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100088, China;2. GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101407, China;1. MIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China;2. Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark;3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China;4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China;1. Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM – UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France;2. Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, ICGM – UMR 5253, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France;1. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;4. School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau |
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| Abstract: | Novel gel polymer electrolyte (hydrogel) was prepared by incorporation of poly (vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) as a host matrix and redox active ammonium molybdate, Mo. Supercapacitors including active carbon electrodes were fabricated using hydrogels, PVPA/MoX where X represents the percent fraction of Mo in PVPA. All the electrolytes were in gel form and show excellent bending and stretching properties in a device. The electrochemical performance of the devices was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) experiments. Surprisingly, the specific capacitance (Cs) of the device increased to 1276 F g?1 which is at least 50 times enhancement by introducing Mo as mediator compared to the PVPA based system. The supercapacitor with PVPA/Mo10 has the highest energy density of 180.2 Wh kg?1 at a power density of 500 W kg?1. The device with the same hydrogel structure exhibited higher performance after 2300 charge-discharge cycles and the maintained 85% of its initial capacitance performance. A supercapacitor was fabricated using PVPA/Mo10 and tested under bent and twisted conditions confirming remarkable capacitance retention. |
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| Keywords: | Flexible supercapacitors Molybdate Poly(vinylphosphonic acid) Hydrogel electrolyte Redox mediated supercapacitor |
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