不同钝化剂处理下镉和铅在土壤-杭白菊体系中富集迁移特性及菊花品质的变化

为综合评价生物质炭、调理剂和腐殖酸3种不同钝化剂对杭白菊镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）含量降解的影响，通过土壤盆栽实验研究了钝化剂处理下Cd和Pb在2种土壤-杭白菊体系中的富集迁移特性及菊花品质的变化。结果表明：在2种不同程度Cd和Pb污染土壤中添加3种钝化剂杭白菊整体对Cd富集系数均降低，其中添加生物质炭降幅最显著（54.70%、72.27%）；添加生物质炭相较于其它2种钝化剂对抑制Cd和Pb在茎-花间的迁移以及菊花茶茶渣中的残留量效果均最显著，茶渣中两者的残留在土壤1中分别下降48.91%、56.10%，土壤2中分别下降62.77%、86.00%。土壤1中添加生物质炭花中绿原酸、木犀草苷和异绿原酸A含量与对照相比增幅最显著，分别为154.93%、77.11%和99.09%；而土壤2中添加3种钝化剂，3种有效成分含量均极显著提高。综合分析，生物质炭对Cd和Pb在杭白菊植株中的降解，降低菊花茶中的残留以及提升菊花品质方面效果最佳，可作为杭白菊种植区土壤钝化修复首选材料。

Enrichment and Migration of Cadmium and Lead in a Soil-Chrysanthemum System and Changes in Chrysanthemum Quality under Different Passivating Agents

The effects of biochar, conditioner, and humic acid on the degradation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in Chrysanthemum morifolium were investigated in this study. In addition, the enrichment and migration of Cd and Pb in a soil-Chrysanthemum morifolium system, as well as the changes in quality of Chrysanthemum under different passivating agents were examined. The results showed that the enrichment coefficients of Cd in the soil-Chrysanthemum morifolium system with two different degrees of Cd and Pb contamination were decreased by the addition of three types of passivating agents, and the addition of biochar led to the largest reductions (54.70% and 72.27%, respectively). Compared with two other passivating agents, the addition of biochar exerted the largest effect on inhibiting the migration of Cd and Pb between stems and flowers, and the residues in Chrysanthemum tea dregs. The Cd and Pb residues in tea dregs decreased by 48.91% and 56.10% in soil 1 and 62.77% and 86.00% in soil 2, respectively. The contents of chlorogenic acid, luteolin, and isochlorogenic acid A in soil 1 with biochar addition had the largest increase compared with the control (154.93%, 77.11%, and 99.09%, respectively). Comprehensive analysis showed that biochar had the best effect on the degradation of Cd and Pb in Chrysanthemum plants, reducing their residues in Chrysanthemum tea and improving the quality of Chrysanthemum. Thus, biochar could be used as the preferred material for soil passivation remediation in Chrysanthemum morifolium planting areas.