氮钾用量对吉林烤烟焦油释放量及重要化学性状的影响

为了明确氮钾用量对烤烟中部叶焦油释放量及其重要化学性状的影响,在吉林延边州试验点安排了两因素三水平氮钾互作试验,测定并分析了烤烟中部叶重要化学性状及烟气中焦油释放量的规律。结果表明,吉林延边地区在施N 45 kg/hm²,K₂O 180 kg/hm²时,烤烟中部叶焦油释放量最低;施氮量固定,施K₂O量在90~180 kg/hm²范围内增加,焦油释放量降低,但过量施用K₂O有使焦油释放量升高的趋势;施K₂O量固定在90 kg/hm²和180 kg/hm²时,随施氮量减少焦油释放量降低;烤烟中部叶焦油释放量与烟碱、总氮呈显著正相关,与纤维素、还原糖分别呈显著和极显著负相关;烟碱和总氮对焦油释放量有较大的直接作用和间接作用。综合研究表明,吉林延边地区可以通过适当的氮钾配施以及调控部分烟叶化学性状来达到降焦减害的目的。

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Tar Delivery and the Important Chemical Properties of Flue-cured Tobacco in Jilin

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen and potassium on tar content and chemical properties in middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in Jilin province, an interaction experiment with two factors and three levels of nitrogen and potassium was arranged in Yanbian city of Jilin province. The chemical properties and tar delivery in middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco were determined. The results showed that the best treatment to reduce tar delivery was N 45 kg/hm² with K₂O 180 kg/hm². Adding K₂O reduced tar delivery in the range of 90~180 kg/hm². But there was a rising trend of tar delivery when the application of potassium overdosed. Reducing the amount of nitrogen also played a role in reducing the tar delivery when the amount of potassium fixed at 90 kg/hm² and 180 kg/hm². Nicotine and TN was significantly positively correlated with tar delivery. Tar and cellulose showed a significant negative correlation. Tar and sugar was extremely significant negative correlation. Nicotine and TN not only have a greater direct role, but also assisted other chemical properties to have a greater indirect effect on tar delivery. Comprehensive studies showed that through appropriate nitrogen and potassium as well as control some chemical properties of the tobacco can achieve the purpose of reducing the tar delivery while reducing risk.