Active rc filters using an operational transconductance amplifier and an operational amplifier

An operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and an operational amplifier are being used to synthesize various second-order cascadable active RC filters. Two of them are active R filters. The filters are studied both theoretically and experimentally and are found to have low sensitivity to variations in their component values. They work satisfactorily in practice, except that some of them have a rather limited dynamic range.