人–机器人协同作业中的人因问题研究综述

近年来，人机协同因可以提高生产效率和产品质量、降低生产成本，在电子智能制造中发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，现有的人机协同系统开发主要采用操作人员主导或协作机器人主导的方式，操作人员和机器人按照预先定义的指令反应性地执行操作，远未实现机器人自动化和用户认知的有效集成，僵化的人机关系无法胜任复杂的制造任务，也无法减轻操作人员的身心负担。针对这些现状，文中从人机信任、人因安全和人机工效3个关键方面，探讨了人因评估的方法。此外，还对当前人机协同作业中的人因设计进行了总结，以促进更高效、安全和人性化的协作。最后阐述了人机协同当前面临的挑战和未来的发展，为未来的研究指明了方向。

A Research Review on Human Factors in Human-robot Collaboration

Recently human-robot collaboration has played an increasingly important role in intelligent manufacturing because of its ability to improve productivity & product quality and reduce production costs. However, the existing human-robot collaboration system development mainly adopts the human-led or robot-led approach. As a result, operators and collaborative robots perform operations reactively according to predefined instructions, far from achieving the effective integration of robot automation and human cognition, and the rigid human-robot relationship is incapable of performing complex manufacturing tasks and reducing the physical and mental burden of operators. Aiming at this status quo, in this paper the methodology of human factors assessment is explored from three key aspects: human-robot trust, human factor safety and human-robot ergonomics. In addition, a summary of current human factor design in human-robot collaborative work is presented to promote an efficiency, safety and humane way of collaboration. Current challenges and future development in human-robot collaboration are introduced at the end of the paper, which puts forward the direction for future research.