水溶液体系中制备纳米银线的研究

在水溶液体系中，以蔗糖为还原剂、NaCl为前驱体络合剂、PVP为表面活性剂，通过水热反应制备得到了直径大约为40 nm，线径分布均匀、分散性良好的纳米银线。有效解决了目前多元醇有机体系下制备纳米银线洗涤困难，反应条件苛刻，后处理繁琐等问题。系统研究了还原剂用量、还原剂种类、Cl^-/Ag⁺摩尔比、卤化物种类和表面活性剂种类对于产物形貌的影响。结果表明，当还原剂蔗糖的用量为0.18 g,PVP的相对分子质量为58000，选择Na Cl作为络合剂，且Cl^-/Ag⁺摩尔比控制在1.26时，制备的纳米银线形貌均一，纯度较高，纳米线长径比大于1000。

A study on the preparation of silver nanowires in aqueous solution

Silver nanowires with a diameter of about 40 nm and having both uniform diameter distribution and good dispersion, were prepared via the hydrothermal reaction in aqueous solution by using sucrose as reducing agent, NaCl as complexing agent and PVP as surfactant. The problems resulting from the preparation of nano-silver wire in the polyol organic system, such as the difficulty in washing, harsh reaction conditions and complicated post-treatment, can effectively be solved by the preparative mehod developed in the study. The effects of the amount of reducing agent, the type of reducing agent and halide and surfactant, and the molar ratio of Cl^-/Ag⁺, on the morphology of the product were investigated systematically. The results show that silver nanowires will have a uniform morphology with high purity and the ratio of the length to diameter of the nanowires can exceed 1000, when NaCl is selected as the complexing agent and the amount of sucrose, the relative molecular weight of PVP and the molar ratio of Cl^-/Ag⁺ are set at 0.18g, 58000 and 1.26, respectively.