国内水基钻井液降滤失剂研究现状

降滤失剂是保证钻井液性能稳定的重要处理剂,主要分为天然/天然改性高分子化合物、合成类聚合物两大类.分别对腐殖酸、纤维素、木质素、淀粉类、酚醛树脂类和乙烯基类合成聚合物降滤失剂的成分、使用条件和改性处理进行介绍,重点对含2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸的合成聚合物降滤失剂研究现状进行分析.为提高天然改性产品的使用性能,常用磺化或者通过与其他单体进行接枝共聚的方法进行改性,但这些研究仍不能满足复杂条件下钻井液性能维护处理的需要.由于AMPS单体可以方便地向体系内引入强水化基团磺酸基,因此合成类降滤失剂常采用AMPS与其他一种或者几种单体共聚来制备.但受单体种类多、聚合物结构复杂、相对分子质量多变等条件的限制,聚合物的结构与性能的对应关系研究较少,加之聚合物单体价格较贵、合成条件要求复杂,AMPS类合成聚合物多局限于室内实验,现场应用的产品较少.降滤失剂的开发重点应放在研究聚合物结构和降滤失性能的对应关系、开发新型单体、提高聚合物的耐温抗盐能力、兼顾环境友好和形成工业化生产能力等方面,并注意助剂之间的复配使用,进一步提高性价比.

Current Research Status of Filtrate Reducer for Water-based Drilling Fluid in China

The filtrate reducer is an important treating chemical for ensuring stable performance of the drilling fluid,and it can be classified into two types：natural or natural modified macromolecular compound and synthetic polymers.Component,application condition and modified treatment of the filtrate reducer of humic acid,cellulose,lignin,starch,phenolic resin and vinyl polymer are introduced respectively.Current research status of the synthetic polymer with 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is emphatically reviewed.Sulfonation or graft copolymerization with other monomer may be made for improving the performance of the natural product,but these researches can′t meet the demands of performance maintenance of the drilling fluid at complicated conditions.The synthetic filtrate reducer may be prepared through copolymerization between AMPS and other one or several monomers for AMPS monomer may introduce powerful hydrating sulfonic acid group into the system easily.But limited by many types of monomer,complicated polymer structure,changeable molecular weight and other conditions,we know little about the relation between polymer structure and filtration performance.AMPS synthetic polymer is applied in the laboratory not in the field for high price of the polymer monomer and complex synthetic conditions.In the future,we need to research the relationship between polymer structure and filtration properties,develop new type monomer and improve the capability of temperature resistance and salt tolerance of the polymer.Kind environment material and commercial application should be considered as well.The compound application of each adjuvant may enhance performance price ratio.