单步硝化作用与全程氨氧化微生物研究进展

全程氨氧化过程（complete ammonia oxidation，comammox），即在单一微生物comammox菌作用下，直接将氨氧化为硝酸盐的过程.全程氨氧化过程的发现打破了硝化过程分为2个步骤的固有看法，表明硝化过程可由单一微生物催化完成.Comammox菌对微生物氮素代谢、地球氮素循环和污水脱氮处理等研究领域均产生了重要影响.概述comammox菌的发现过程，总结归纳comammox菌的生理生态特征及环境分布特点，重点分析污水生物处理系统中comammox微生物存在的可能性及对氮素迁移转化的潜在影响.Comammox菌在低氧和低氨氮环境中具有竞争优势，对于短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺的稳定性可能存在显著影响.最后针对污水生物处理系统中comammox菌的研究方向进行了展望.

The morphology of the contributions of nitrification system

Complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) is the process of directly oxidizing ammonia to nitrate by a single microorganism. The discovery of comammox breaks the conventional view that the nitrification process is divided into two steps, suggesting that the nitrification process can be catalyzed by a single microorganism. Comammox bacteria might have important effects on the research of microbial nitrogen metabolism, earth nitrogen cycle and sewage nitrogen removal. The discovery process of comammox bacteria was outlined, and the physiological and ecological characteristics and environmental distribution characteristics of comammox bacteria were summarized in this paper. Moreover, the existence of comammox microorganisms in sewage biological treatment systems and their potential impact on nitrogen transformation were discussed. In particular, comammox bacteria had a competitive advantage under low oxygen and ammonia conditions, suggesting its potential impact on the stability of partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation process. Finally, the future research of comammox bacteria in sewage biological treatment system was proposed.