区块链落地食品追溯产业的制约因素分析

目的 探究区块链应用食品追溯产业的主要制约因素,帮助食品供应链参与方解决技术应用难题。方法 首先,基于11家区块链技术平台企业和3家食品企业访谈内容,通过扎根理论筛选出区块链技术应用食品追溯产业的内外部制约因素。其次,结合专家打分法和层次分析法对制约因素进行权重排序和评价分析。结果 研究表明制约因素权重评价由4个准则层和12个指标层构成。其中,指标层因素中,排名从高到低依次是：区块链投入产出（0.1430）、信源真实（0.1288）、链上企业配合意愿（0.1176）、食品企业认知度（0.0974）、标准体系（0.0942）、运作效率（0.0769）、消费者认可度（0.0733）、市场准入门槛（0.0694）、法律法规（0.0597）、人才建设（0.0594）、系统兼容（0.0470）、政策扶持（0.0333）。结论 区块链投入产出低、上链信源真实度存疑、链上企业配合意愿低、食品企业对区块链认知度低是区块链落地食品追溯产业的主要障碍,对此,应加大技术应用场景研究、提高市场认知水平、完善政策保障机制。

Analysis on constraints of blockchain landing food traceability industry

Objective To explore the main restriction factors of blockchain application and help food supply chain participants solve technical application problems. Methods First, based on the interview content between 11 blockchain technology platforms and 3 food enterprises, the internal and external constraints of blockchain technology applied food traceability industry were screened out through the root theory. Secondly, combined with the expert scoring method and the hierarchical analysis method, the interview rooted problem index of weight sorting and evaluation analysis. Results It found that the evaluation system consists of 4 standard layers and 12 index layers. Among them, in the index layer factors, the ranking from high to low is: blockchain input Output (0.1430), Credit True (0.1288), Chain willingness to cooperate (0.1176), Food Enterprise recognition (0.0974), Standard System (0.0942), Operational Efficiency (0.0769), Consumer recognition (0.0733), market entry threshold (0.0694), Laws and regulations (0.0597), Talent Construction (0.0594), System Compatibility (0.0470), Policy Support (0.0333). Conclusion The main obstacles to blockchain landing food traceability industry are blockchain has low input and output, doubtful authenticity of information source, low willingness to cooperate in the chain, and low awareness of food enterprises on blockchain. In this regard, we should increase the research of technology application scenarios, improve the market cognition level, and improve the policy guarantee mechanism.