从低维到高维的仿生材料制备及其应用进展

经过数十亿年的进化,自然界中的生物材料表现出许多卓越的性质和独特的功能。这些生物材料通常是由生物体内的有限组分在温和条件下组装而成,其优异的性能在很大程度上来源于复杂的多级结构,例如含邻苯二酚单元的贻贝粘附蛋白具有普适的强粘附力,珠-线结构的蜘蛛丝具有优异机械性能和集水能力,空心结构的北极熊毛发具有隔热保温作用,规则微纳结构的蝴蝶翅膀显示多彩的颜色,梯度多孔结构的柚子皮具有优异的阻尼减震效果等。以自然界的设计原理为灵感制造人工材料在材料科学和工程领域受到了极大关注,过去数10年,这方面的研究成果不胜枚举。总结了仿生材料在结构仿生方面的研究进展,选取了几个从低维到高维尺度上的典型例子概述了仿生材料的结构和功能之间的关系。

Progress in the Preparation and Application of Bio-Inspired Materials from Low to High Dimensional Structure

As a result of evolution for billions of years, biomaterials have possessed various amazing properties. General- ly, biomaterials are assembled with limited supply of constitutes available to living organism under mild conditions, the surprising properties are largely due to the sophisticated hierarchical structures, for example, the mussel adhesive protein with catechol unit possesses strong and universal adhesion, the spider silks with bead-in-string structure have superior me- chanical property and water-collection ability, the hollow polar bear hairs have the ability of thermal insulation, the wings of butterfly with ordered micro-and nanostructure exhibit beautiful colors and the foam - like peal of pummel with a gradient structure makes it impact resistance. Preparing manmade materials by following the design principles of nature has drawn great attention in materials science and engineering field. In the past decades, a large number of papers in this field have been published. In this review, the recent progress in the preparation of bio-inspired materials mimicking the structures of natural prototypes is summarized. Typical examples which are mentioned above from low to high dimensions are described with emphasis on the relationship between the structure and corresponding functions.