金属玻璃的功能性应用及相关基础研究

金属玻璃是一类具有热力学非平衡特征和亚稳特性、以金属元素为主要组分、原子排列处于无序结构的固体材料。近年来，随着金属玻璃研究领域的蓬勃发展，涌现出很多新的研究方向和热点。简要综述了近期金属玻璃在化学反应中表现出的优异催化性能和高反应速率等相关的功能性应用和基础研究进展，主要介绍了金属玻璃在降解污水中的偶氮染料方面的功能性应用和基础研究。实验结果表明，镁基和铁基金属玻璃粉降解偶氮染料的效率分别达到商业晶态铁粉的1000倍和200倍以上。而且，相对于液体雾化法制备的金属玻璃粉，用球磨粉碎法制备的金属玻璃粉反应活性更高，这可能与球磨金属玻璃粉比表面积增加、残余应力导致的反应激活能降低有关。最后对金属玻璃的功能性应用和相关基础研究的未来研究前景进行了展望。

Chemical Functional Applications and Fundamental Researches of Metallic Glasses

Metallic glasses are a group of amorphous solids composed mainly of metallic elements. They stay in non-equilibrium states and show metastable characters. Plenty of fresh research hotspots are emerging as a result of their recent booming development. In this brief review, the excellent catalytic properties and high activity of metallic glasses in chemical reactions, i. e. application in degrading azo dyes in polluted water, are overviewed. The experimental results show that the reactivity of ball-milled Mg-based and Fe-based metallic glass powders can be 1 000 and 200 times higher than the commercial Fe powders, respectively. Moreover, the reactivity also depends on the preparation methods, i. e. the ball- milled metallic glass powders are more active than the gas-atomized powders. This can be attributed to the high specific surface area and low reaction activation energy after ball-milling. The promising prospects for functional applications and related fundamental researches of metallic glasses are discussed.