New Pathways for Modifying the Surface of High Density Polyethylene: Chemically Benign Adhesion Promotion and Subsequent Reactivity |
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Authors: | Carl Lawrence Aronson Lars Guenter Beholz Douglas Beloskur Bryce Burland Jared Perez |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Science and Mathematics, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan 48504, USA;(2) Beholz Technology, L.L.C., Flint, Michigan 48502, USA |
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Abstract: | Summary The surface of high density polyethylene (HDPE) was modified using a two-step chemical process. HDPE panels were initially immersed in a heated, aqueous hypochlorite solution containing a carboxylic acid promoter and quenched with deionized water at room temperature following a heterogeneous chemical reaction process patented by Beholz (U.S. Patents 6,077,913 and 6,100,343). 1-5 mole percent chlorine heteroatoms were identified on the resulting HDPE surface using ESCA techniques. The surface chlorine concentration was optimized as a function of reaction time, reaction stoichiometry and number of repeated chemical treatments. The chlorinated HDPE surface was subsequently exposed to ultra-violet (UV) light and surface alkene moieties were noted using ATR FT-IR methods along with a concomitant reduction in surface chlorine from ESCA measurements. The photochemically induced free radical surface dehydrochlorination mechanism was observed to follow first-order kinetics and potentially produce a focussed pattern for information storage. Facile subsequent reactivity of the isolated surface alkene groups was demonstrated using electrophilic addition of Br2. Furthermore, poly(4-hydroxy styrene) architectures were covalently tethered to either the chlorinated or unsaturated HDPE surface in an effort to ultimately tailor surface polarity and adhesiveness as well as create laminate poly( -olefin) containing structures. This economical and benign surface chlorination/photochemical two-step treatment process produced relatively small disposal risks as well as no apparent polymer degradation. |
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