滚珠丝杠副动力学行为仿真及滚珠磨损故障特征信号研究

滚珠丝杠副作为精密机械和数控机床等装置中最常使用的传动元件，其工作状况的优劣直接影响着整套设备能否安全稳定运行。大多数针对滚动功能部件失效形式的研究主要集中于滚动轴承，而对滚珠丝杠副的失效演变机制却鲜有论述。以滚珠丝杠副为研究对象，建立由丝杠、滚珠、螺母等关键部件组成的滚珠丝杠副三维模型，运用ADAMS软件对滚珠丝杠副进行动力学行为仿真分析以及故障特征信号研究，分析滚珠丝杠正常运行及滚珠磨损故障状态下的特征信号变化规律，最后通过对比试验值与理论值验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明：随着滚珠表面擦伤缺陷扩展，丝杠副产生的振动变得更加剧烈，频谱尖峰幅值明显增大；试验所得结果与理论值相对误差为4.67%，证明了仿真分析的准确性。

Dynamic Behavior Simulation of Ball Screw and Research on Characteristic Signal of Ball Wear Fault

As the most commonly used transmission component in precision machinery and CNC machine tools,the working condition of the ball screw pair directly affects the safe and stable operation of the whole equipment.Most of the studies on the failure modes of rolling functional components mainly focus on rolling bearings,but the failure evolution mechanism of ball screw pairs was rarely discussed.The 3D model of the ball screw pair composed of key components such as the lead screw,ball,nut and so on was established,and ADAMS software was used to conduct dynamic behavior simulation analysis and fault characteristic signal research on ball screw.The characteristic signal variation rule of ball screw under normal operation and ball wear fault state was analyzed,and finally the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by comparing the experimental values with the theoretical values.The simulations show that the oscillations generated by the screw pairs become more intense and the peak amplitude in the spectrum increases significantly as the surface of the sphere is scratched,and the relative error between the experimental results and the theoretical values is less 4.67%,which proves the accuracy of the model.