红烧肉制备过程中关键环节的风味化合物分析

目的:研究红烧肉风味的形成过程。方法:采用电子鼻和气相质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对比红烧肉加工过程中的漂烫、油炸、炖煮及添加调味汁等关键过程,分析其风味物变化情况。结果:电子鼻测定结果与气质联用分析结果一致。五花猪肉和调味汁的风味物含量最高,漂烫、油炸、炖煮阶段风味物质减少但特征风味物不断形成。气质联用共检出148种化合物,其中猪肉、漂烫、油炸、炖煮以及成品和调味汁分别为39,32,23,20,38,65种,主要生成了醛酮类、酯醇类、杂环化合物和芳香烃及其衍生物;成品的特征风味物有己醛、苯甲醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、桂皮醛、2-戊基呋喃、2-乙酰基吡咯、2,3-二甲基-5-乙基吡嗪等。红烧肉制备前期乙偶姻含量较高,而甲氧基苯肟则在制备过程中均比较高。结论:电子鼻技术可以较好地反映红烧肉不同加工阶段的风味物质变化情况,但具体的物质变化需要GC-MS进行检测分析。

Analysis of flavor compounds in the process of stewed pork at key stages

Objective: The flavor formation process of stewed pork was investigated in this study. Methods: Electronic nose and gas-phase mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were used to compare the key processes such as bleaching, frying, stewing and addition of sauces during the processing of stewed pork, and to analyze the changes of flavor compounds. Results: The results of electronic nose measurement were consistent with the results of gas chromatography analysis. The flavor content of raw pork and sauces was the highest, and the flavor substances decreased in the blanching, frying and stewing stages. However, the characte-ristic flavor substances were formed continuously. A total of 148 compounds were detected by GC-MS, including 39, 32, 23, 20, 38, and 65 compounds in raw pork, blanched, fryed, stewed and finished products and sauces, respectively, which mainly produced aldehydes and ketones, esters and alcohols, heterocyclic compounds, and aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. The characteristic flavors of finished products were hexanal, benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, cinnamaldehyde, 2-pentylfuran, 2-acetyl pyrrole, 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine, etc. The content of acetoin was higher in the pre-preparation stage of stewed pork, while methoxy-phenyl-Oxime stayed high in all of the processes. Conclusion: The electronic nose technique can be used to detect the changes of flavor substances in different processing stages of stewed pork, but the specific substance changes need to be determined and analyzed by GC-MS.