加废钢条件下铁水包的异常侵蚀与用材问题探讨

对铁水包的异常侵蚀进行了调研，对铁水包用砖的性能、组成与结构进行分析。结果表明：1)铁水包包壁采用的铝碳化硅碳砖与包底用铝碳化硅碳砖不同，含较多的叶蜡石，Al₂O₃含量只有36.32%（w）;体积密度、显气孔率、耐压强度均低于行业标准的要求；其抗氧化性差，使用过程中氧化形成多孔层，造成砖衬结构疏松，引起断砖、局部磨损及结构破坏；2)在废钢没有加热条件下，废钢熔化不彻底，造成包口、包底黏钢，黏渣，加剧了铁水包的破损；3)残砖与附渣反应形成低熔点物质，影响其高温性能。铁水包衬的耐火材料必须结合工艺条件的变化加以改进，而不完全是靠原料替代来降低成本。

Discussion on abnormal corrosion and material selection of hot iron ladles with steel scrap addition

The abnormal corrosion of hot iron ladles was investigated.The performance,the composition and the structure of bricks for the hot iron ladles were analyzed.The results show that(1)compared with the alumina-silicon carbide-carbon bricks for the ladle bottom,those for the ladle wall have more pyrophyllite and the Al₂O₃ content of 36.32 mass%;their bulk density,apparent porosity and compressive strength are all lower than the requirement of industry standards;they have poor oxidation resistance and are oxidized to form a porous layer during service,which loosens the brick lining structure thus leading to fracture,local wear and structural damage of bricks;(2)without heating,steel scrap is not completely melted,resulting in slag or steel attachment at the mouth or the bottom of ladles thus increasing damage of ladles;(3)and the residual bricks react with the attached slag to form low melting point phase affecting their hot properties.The refractories for the lining of hot iron ladles must be improved in combination with process changes,not entirely by raw materials replacement to reduce costs.