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对井口装置的失效形式及失效模式进行了深入的分析，发现失效形式有：电化学腐蚀分布面积较大；冲蚀产生蚀槽；分布不均匀的坑蚀；腐蚀产物使闸板卡死；阀杆与闸板或阀针连接处硫化物应力腐蚀，使阀杆断裂；磨损或腐蚀造成表面损伤，材料流失，影响密封性；密封盘根老化、鼓泡，永久变形；失效模式为：腐蚀、磨损及密封件老化；易损件有：针阀的阀针与阀座；闸阀的阀板与阀座；针阀、闸阀的阀杆、密封盘根及轴承。为此，文章提出了改善井口装置系统可靠性的措施。

Analysis of Well-head Facilities Failure

The modes and causes of well-head facilities failure are analyzed thoroughly. It is found that the failure codes include: Large corrosion area caused by electrochemistry, Corrosion groove produced by erosion, Corrosion pits with uneven distribution, Gate segments jammed by corroding products, Valve rod cracking caused by sulfide stress attack at the connection between valve rod and gate segment, or valve rod and valve needle, Sealing performance deterioration caused by surface damage or material loss made from wearing or corrosion, Ageing, bubbling and permanent deforming of seal packing. The failure causes include corrosion, wearing and ageing. The easily-worn parts include: the valve needle and valve seat of needle valve, the gate segment and valve seat of gate valve, the valve rod, the seal packing, and the bearing of needle or gate valves. So, the article proposes the measures to improve the reliability of well-head facilities.