百年中国乡村建设文化景观的文脉变迁与当代建构

自鸦片战争以来,在各种现代思潮的影响和对现代化的激进追求下,中国乡土社会的价值取向与评价标准也逐步受到冲击,导致“三农问题”集中爆发,“乡村建设”在20世纪初危机深重的中国本土孕育而生。如何从百年中国乡村建设的历史渊源来认识和理解乡村振兴战略内涵,建构具有“民族文化心理”和真正意义上的“乡村建设文化景观系统”成为当前设计赋能乡村振兴战略的一项重要研究议题。回溯中国乡村建设文化景观百年变迁演进过程,阐释乡建文化景观与乡村振兴国家记忆“融合共生”的映射机制;按照新发展理念和乡村振兴五大目标要求,提出当代乡村乡建文化景观设计的“145”系统构架,并结合影响乡村空间可持续发展的环境、社会、经济三大要素,创建“生产—生活—生态—生命—生境”“五生融合”的共生机制,完成由传统“设计造物”向“融合共生”文化景观系统的转换与提升,最终为促进乡村振兴高质量发展提供理论和实践思考,具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。

Context Change and Contemporary Construction of the Cultural Landscape in China's Century Rural Construction

Since the Opium War, under the influence of various modern ideological trends and the radical pursuit of modernization, the value orientation and evaluation standards of China''s rural society have also been gradually impacted, resulting in the concentrated outbreak of "issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and rural people", and "rural construction" born at the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, how to recognize and understand the connotation of the rural revitalization strategy from the historical origin of China''s rural construction over the past century, and how to construct a "national cultural psychology" and a proper "cultural landscape system for rural construction" have become an important research issue in the current design and empowerment of the rural revitalization strategy. Through looking back on the century evolution process of China''s rural construction cultural landscape, the mapping mechanism of the "integration and symbiosis" between the rural construction cultural landscape and the national memory of rural revitalization is explained. According to the new development concept and the five goals of rural revitalization, the "145" system framework for the cultural landscape design of contemporary rural construction and is proposed. Combined with the three major elements of environment, society and economy on the sustainable development of the rural space, a symbiotic mechanism of "production-life-ecology-lives-habitat" is created, and the transformation and improvement from the traditional "design and creation" to the "integrated and symbiotic cultural landscape system are completed thus, providing theoretical and practical thinking for promotion of high-quality rural revitalization.