基于超导探测器的白天卫星激光测距试验与研究

超导纳米线单光子探测器是一种新型的单光子探测器，灵敏度高、暗计数低且可工作于恒流模式，对1064 nm波长激光具有较高的探测效率。将该探测器应用于夜间卫星和空间碎片激光测距试验，获得了较好的观测结果。为了使超导探测器的优点在空间目标激光测距中得到充分的应用，通过卫星白天激光测距观测试验以及对白天天空背景光实际响应输出测量等方法，研究分析了超导探测器应用于白天激光测距的可行性。在日落前测到了约20 000 km距离的导航卫星glonass134以及低轨卫星hy2a；实际白天天空背景光测量时，单光子超导探测器最高计数输出可达到约2 MHz。结果表明，使用超导单光子探测器作为回波探测器可实现高性能和高效率的白天激光测距系统。

Superconductivity detector applied to daytime satellite laser ranging experiment and research

As a novel single photon detector, the superconducting nanowire single photon detector can work in constant current mode with high sensitivities, low dark counts, and high detecting efficiencies for 1064 nm wavelength laser. Applying the detector to satellites with retroreflectors and space debris without any retroreflector laser ranging experiments in nighttime, a set of good observing data was obtained. To make advantages of this detector in space target laser ranging, the feasibility of employing it to daylight laser ranging system was studied and analyzed through the daytime laser ranging experiment and the actual response output measurement for daytime sky background light. The navigation satellite glonass134 (~20 000 km) and the low-orbit satellite hy2a were measured before sunset; the maximum counts output of the single-photon superconducting detector could reach up to 2 MHz during the actual daytime sky background light measurement. The results show that using the superconducting single photon detector as echo detector can realize a high performance and high efficiency daytime laser ranging system.