基于自然地表的星载光子计数激光雷达在轨标定

在轨标定技术是影响星载激光雷达光斑定位精度的核心技术之一。介绍了目前国内外星载激光雷达的在轨标定技术发展现状，分析了各类在轨标定技术的特点。针对新型的光子计数模式星载激光雷达的特性，提出了一种基于自然地表的星载光子计数激光雷达在轨标定新方法，使用仿真点云对标定算法的正确性进行了验证，并分别使用南极麦克莫多干谷和中国连云港地区的地表数据和美国ICESat-2卫星数据进行了交叉验证实验，实验结果表明:算法标定后的点云相对美国国家航空航天局提供的官方点云坐标平面偏移在3 m左右，高程偏移在厘米量级。文中还利用地面人工建筑等特征点对比了算法标定后的点云与官方点云之间的差异，最后对基于自然地表的在轨标定方法的精度以及标定场地形的影响进行了讨论。

Spaceborne photon-counting LiDAR on-orbit calibration based on natural surface

On-orbit calibration technique is a key factor which affects the photon geolocation accuracy of spaceborne LiDAR. The current status of spaceborne LiDAR on-orbit calibration technique was introduced, and the characteristics of various spaceborne LiDAR on-orbit calibration technique were analyzed. Aiming at the characteristics of the photon counting mode spaceborne LiDAR, a new on-orbit calibration method based on the natural surface was derived, simulated point cloud was used to verify the correctness of the calibration algorithm, and a cross validation experiment was made with the surface data of the Antarctic McMudro Dry Valleys and China Lianyungang areas and ICESat-2 point cloud data, the experimental results show that the plane offset between the point cloud calibrated by proposed algorithm and point cloud provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration is about 3 m, elevation offset is in centimeter scale. The differences between the point cloud calibrated by the algorithm and the point cloud provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration were also compared by using the feature points of artificial construction on the ground. Finally, the accuracy of the on-orbit calibration method based on natural surface and the influence of the calibration field topography were discussed.