阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成及其在染整中的应用

采用逐步聚合法，选用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）和聚乙二醇（PEG1000）为预聚单体，自制的端羟基季铵盐为阳离子扩链剂，利用亚硫酸氢钠对异氰酸酯基封端处理后对体系进行去离子水分散乳化，合成了一种反应型阳离子水性聚氨酯（WPU）固色剂，考察了预聚反应温度、nNCO／nOH比值以及扩链剂用量对阳离子WPU性能的影响。结果表明，当预聚反应nNCO／nOH比值为2．0、温度70℃，季铵盐扩链剂质量分数为9％（相对于预聚物）时，合成阳离子WPU性能较好；将其用于活性染料或直接染料染色棉织物的固色处理，耐皂洗牢度及耐摩擦色牢度效果良好，其中湿摩擦牢度能够达到4级。

Synthesis of Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane and Its Application in Dying and Finishing

By stepwise polymerization, isophorone diisocyanate （IPDI） and polyethylene glycol （PEG1000） were used as prepolymerized monomer, self-made quaternary ammonium salt having the terminal hydroxyl groups were taken as the cationic chain extender, then the product was capped with sodium bisulfite and dispersed in the deion water. Finally, a reactive cationic waterborne polyurethane was synthesised. The nNco/noH, the amount of a quaternary ammonium salt chain extender, pre-polymerization reaction temperature and time were analysed to optimize the synthesis conditions. The results showed that, when nNco/nouwas 2. 0 ,the amount of a quaternary ammonium salt chain extender was 9% ,pre-polymerization reaction temperature was 70℃, the product property was the most stable. We explored its application in reactive dyed cotton fabric fixing and it showed a good colour fastness both in soaping and rubbing, especially the wet rubbing fastness which could reach grade 4.