大尺寸仿生微结构表面防污涂层制备及性能研究

鲨鱼、海豚等海洋生物的表皮结构具有防污功能，猪笼草的口缘区具有液膜单向传递特征，这些表面结构形貌可为船舶涂层的防污和减阻设计提供重要依据。根据鲨鱼皮表面肋条状结构、猪笼草口缘区单向沟槽和弧形结构，设计简化单向V型沟槽微结构形貌，并结合CFD模拟计算分析V型沟槽减阻性能，确定了仿生微结构的形貌及尺寸。利用皮秒激光刻蚀技术，在铝合金基材表面刻蚀微结构形貌模板，然后在未完全固化的防污涂层表面压印，通过对软/硬模板、固化时间、压印压强等工艺条件参数的考察及优化，制备出较大尺寸的仿生微结构表面涂层。使用三维形貌测试仪、接触角测试仪等表征仿生微结构涂层表面，并进行多海域实海浸泡性能实验。结果显示，该仿生涂层表面微沟槽间距为90.8 μm，深度为60.3 μm，其表面接触角为121.7°，微结构形貌均匀，具有良好的实海防污性能。

Preparation and Performance Research on Antifouling Coating with Large-size Bionic Microstructure

Special surface structures of marine organisms such like sharks and dolphins have antifouling function, and the peristome of nepenthes possesses the feature of one-way transmission of liquid film. Both of the structures can provide references for antifouling and drag reduction designs for ship coatings. According to the rib-like structure on the surface of shark skin, unidirectional grooves and arc-shaped structures in the peristome of nepenthes, simplified microstructure with unidirectional V-type grooves are designed, and together with drag reduction rate calculated by CFD, bionic microstructure and size of the antifouling coating is determined. The microstructure topography template is prepared by using picosecond laser to etch the surface of the aluminum alloy, and then imprint the surface of the incompletely cured antifouling coating. Through the investigation and optimization of soft/hard template, curing time and imprint pressure, coating with large-size bionic microstructure is prepared. The 3-dimensional shape tester and contact angle tester are used to characterize the surface of the bionic microstructure coating, and the real sea immersion test is conducted. The results show that the surface microstructure morphology of the bionic coating is uniform and show good antifouling performance, with the microgroove spacing of 90.8 μm, the microgroove depth of 60.3 μm, and the surface contact angle of the microstructure coating of 121.7°.